Do Plants Need Soil To Grow Essays - Land Management, Soil Science

Do Plants Need Soil To Grow? [School] DO PLANTS NEED SOIL TO GROW? [Name] [class] Period 0 [Professor] 2/8/00 TABLE OF CONTENTS: ? Problem ? Hypothesis ? Materials Used ? Diagram ? Procedure ? Data ? Calculation ? Sources of Error ? Conclusion PROBLEM: Are plants able to live in an environment without the seemingly essential nutrients of soil? HYPOTHESIS: Seeing as how certain plants can grow only in certain soils, it seems unlikely that any seeds would mature to a full healthy adult. MATERIAL USED: ? Seeds ? Plastic cups ? Ruler ? Kellogg's topsoil ? Gravel ? Paper towels ? Toothpicks ? Graduated Cylinder ? Water DIAGRAM: PROCEDURE: ? Gathered materials ? Assembled three cups with the proper soil (none, gravel, and topsoil) ? Placed seeds in the cups (5 each to make sure at least a few of them sprout) ? Placed 30 milliliters of water in all three cups (the amount of water will be the same and consistent throughout the experiment) ? Put in sun light outside ? Removed seeds that didn't sprout in 5 days ? Checked each seed for growth with ruler each day and recorded data ? Added 5 milliliters of water each day Calculation: Average growth per day for the plants with no soil, gravel, and topsoil is (in that order): 2.4cm / 28days = 0.08571428 cm 3.1cm / 28days = 0.20 ?/3 cm 6.5cm / 28days = 0.232142857cm Data: Day No Soil (Height in cm) Gravel (Height in cm) Top Soil (Height in cm) 1 0 0 0 2 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 0.2 0.2 0.3 4 0.4 0.4 0.7 5 0.7 0.6 1.2 6 1.2 1.0 1.7 7 1.6 1.5 2.0 8 1.8 1.9 2.5 9 2.0 2.2 2.8 10 2.4 2.5 3.0 11 2.4 2.7 3.5 12 2.4 2.9 3.8 13 2.4 3.0 4.2 14 2.4 3.0 4.5 15 2.4 3.1 4.9 16 2.4 3.1 5.2 17 2.4 3.1 5.5 18 2.4 3.1 5.6 19 2.4 3.1 5.8 20 2.4 3.1 6.0 21 2.4 3.1 6.1 22 2.4 3.1 6.1 23 2.4 3.1 6.1 24 2.4 3.1 6.2 25 2.4 3.1 6.2 26 2.4 3.1 6.4 27 2.4 3.1 6.4 28 2.4 3.1 6.5 Out of the 5 seeds in each cup, in the non-soil cup, 3 died, in the cup with gravel, 2 died, and in the cup with topsoil all seeds survived. Of the 2 remaining seeds in the cup with no soil, none were healthy. Of the 3 remaining seeds in the cup with gravel, 1 was semi-healthy. Of the 5 seeds in the cup with topsoil, 3 were healthy and the others were semi-healthy. SOURCES OF ERROR: The gravel might not have been washed thoroughly, so there could have been fungus, bugs or other diseases or could have had some pesticides. The same could be with the topsoil. There is also always some human error. I could have miss-measured. I did have a problem with my calculation. I averaged by using only the number of days there were changes for. I fixed that though. They all have their final heights divided by 28 days. There might also have been some confusion over heights of plants. Since there were multiple plants per soil type, I took the measure of the tallest at the time of measure. CONCLUSION: The topsoil was the best for the plants by far. The gravel might have had some nutrients, which helped the plants. The water alone was insufficient for growth. This shows that plants need nutrients from soil. Bibliography by the way, i bs'd this lab report Science

Raoults Law Example Problem - Vapor Pressure Change

Raoult's Law Example Problem - Vapor Pressure Change This example problem demonstrates how to use Raoults Law to calculate the change in vapor pressure by adding a strong electrolyte to a solvent. Raoults Law relates the vapor pressure of a solution on the mole fraction of the solute added to a chemical solution. Vapor Pressure Problem What is the change in vapor pressure when 52.9 g of CuCl2 is added to 800 mL of H2O at 52.0 Â °C.The vapor pressure of pure H 2O at 52.0 Â °C is 102.1 torrThe density of H2O at 52.0 Â °C is 0.987 g/mL. Solution Using Raoult's Law Raoults Law can be used to express the vapor pressure relationships of solutions containing both volatile and nonvolatile solvents. Raoults Law is expressed byPsolution ÃŽ §solventP0solvent wherePsolution is the vapor pressure of the solutionÃŽ §solvent is mole fraction of the solventP0solvent is the vapor pressure of the pure solvent Step 1 Determine the mole fraction of solutionCuCl2 is a strong electrolyte. It will completely dissociate into ions in water by the reaction:CuCl2(s) → Cu2(aq) 2 Cl-This means we will have 3 moles of solute added for every mole of CuCl2 added.From the periodic table:Cu 63.55 g/molCl 35.45 g/molmolar weight of CuCl2 63.55 2(35.45) g/molmolar weight of CuCl2 63.55 70.9 g/molmolar weight of CuCl2 134.45 g/molmoles of CuCl2 52.9 g x 1 mol/134.45 gmoles of CuCl2 0.39 molTotal moles of solute 3 x (0.39 mol)Total moles of solute 1.18 molmolar weightwater 2(1)16 g/molmolar weightwater 18 g/moldensitywater masswater/volumewatermasswater densitywater x volumewatermasswater 0.987 g/mL x 800 mLmasswater 789.6 gmoleswater 789.6 g x 1 mol/18 gmoleswater 43.87 molÃŽ §solution nwater/(nwater nsolute)ÃŽ §solution 43.87/(43.87 1.18)ÃŽ §solution 43.87/45.08ÃŽ §solution 0.97 ï » ¿Step 2 Find the vapor pressure of the solutionPsolution ÃŽ §solventP0solventPsolution 0.97 x 102.1 torrPsolution 99.0 torr ï » ¿Step 3 Find the change in vapor pressureChange in pressure is Pfinal - POChange 99.0 torr - 102.1 torrchange -3.1 torr Answer The vapor pressure of the water is reduced by 3.1 torr with the addition of the CuCl2.

The Deadly Choices at Memorial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Deadly Choices at Memorial - Essay Example owever, the hospital had to face various challenges in preserving a healthy environment being surrounded with motionless dozens of bodies and suffering from shortage of water and electricity. As a consequence, the temperature level increased to 100 degree inside the hospital. To save the affected people from high temperature, lethal doses of drugs were also injected to some patients (Klein, 2013). Owing to these hazards, mortuary workers had to carry 45 dead bodies from the Memorial. Few years after that incident, investigators pored over evidence and department of justice agents had detained the doctors and the nurses connected with deaths of four patients. Doctor Anna Pou, one of those convicts, used electronic media to prove herself innocent. To get over that mess, Anna Pou also used numerous steps and suggested new laws regarding the standard of medical care during emergencies (Klein, 2013). Hence, it can be identified that the incident of Hurricane Katrina has not only brought w idespread destructions with it, but it has also generated several questions regarding the morality and medical ethics of the professionals deployed in the hospital. The objective of this paper is thus to judge the practices of professionals engaged in providing support services in Memorial Medical Center during the event of Hurricane Katrina. The report revealing the death of four people during the event of Hurricane Katrina in Memorial Medical Center, due to the injection of lethal doses of drugs, along with other deaths in the hospital, is certainly throbbing. The actions of the various medical practitioners within the Memorial Medical Center in the then scenario have further been subjected to extensive criticism. Many of the experts have contended that the actions of the medical practitioners in the hospital were a mere effect of medical negligence and unethical conduct (Fink, 2009). Nevertheless, I firmly believe that it would be too early to describe the actions of the medical

Serial Killer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Serial Killer - Research Paper Example There are many researches done on the psychology of serial killers by various researchers all over the world. It is amazing to note that causes of serial killing come forward more often in western societies as compared to eastern societies. There are two main ways to investigate about the psychology and thinking of serial killers. One is to study solved cases by police and experiences of investigating officers. Information provided on the basis of evidence and proper investigation gives a good way to do research on the topic of serial killers or serial killing. If opportunity is available one should try to meet/interview a serial killer. Thoughts of serial killers regarding sex, objectification and mutilation are important psychiatric points that can be analyzed during interview and whole research (TRUTV; Vaknin). Most of the serial killers think that to kill and to be got killed is one of the basic instincts that a human has. Early found skull of humans had traces of being attacked by some weapon. According to them, if chance available every person would kill someone. Serial killers are often regarded as people who believe that killing is a part of ritual and considered as objectifiers. Objectifiers are the people who treat other people as their subjects, most of the rulers, leaders political or military are often regarded as people that have fallen in the category of objectifiers (Vaknin). Difference between simple murders and serial killers can be explained by a known fact. A simple murderer kills due to some needs like sex, property, conflict that exists between him/her and other people. On the other hand the people called as serial killers are driven by continuous urge that is present in them from birth. Eric Hicky concluded in his research that about forty eight percent of the serial killers available to him as subjects were refused by their parents as children. Most of the serial killers live in their own world of fantasy

My personal capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My personal capital - Essay Example What exactly will be the nature of business under the plan for my group? As a business consultant and empanelled with local chapter of chamber of commerce, I will seek to organize a seminar on emerging businesses that involve local as well as international venturing. Technical experts from various fields will be invited to take part in the workshop and discussions forming part of this seminar. Ideas about new products and services on the horizon will get exchanged; and after attaining details about two or three alternative ventures from these workshop and discussion forum the matter will be deliberated at the group level in order to take a final decision about the venture to be pursued. Next step will involve utilization of my capabilities in deciding the type of business entity to be established for the business. Do we need to incorporate our business or form a partnership is a crucial decision to be taken? The fact is that ‘the nature of your business is one of the factors th at must be evaluated in determining the best business entity for your business.’(Sherri K. DeWitt) . Though corporation provides certain protection from liabilities to shareholders, but partnerships have certain advantages as well. Partnership can be a general partnership or limited liability partnership. Then there is another alternative in shape of LLC. So the decision about incorporating the business or not is a crucial one; and my experience and capabilities intuit me to suggest corporation status as the business should always be of permanent nature and not depending upon the vagaries of ownership.

Deception Is An Important Theme English Literature Essay

Deception Is An Important Theme English Literature Essay Sometimes deception can be unintended when the characters dont mean to lie, as in the play by Anton Chekhov, however in Henrik Ibsens play, the deceiver lies intentionally to protect the one she loves. The initial act of deception is shown when Nora deceives her husband and borrows money from Krogstad to save Torvalds life. She then continues lying to him intending to repay back the loan. Nora thinks it her duty to lie in order to protect her husband however this makes her vulnerable as a heroine to Krogstad who now blackmails her. This is an example of a dramatic irony since the readers and most of the characters except for Torvald, know what Nora has really done. Unlike her, Ranevsky, the main heroine of the Cherry Orchard doesnt deceive others but herself. Self- deception is a process of denying logical arguments and clear evidence. Here the themes of changing times and inability to accept change are explored. Madame Ranevsky wants to seek refuge in her childhood past from the despair of her present life, to remember the past and forget the present by refusing to face the reality. After spending five years abroad, she comes back to her beloved home. However she starts crying at the sight of [Her] nursery, [her] dear, beautiful nursery! she feels like a little girl. The nursery is a misnomer and it introduces a very nostalgic atmosphere, which brings up terrible memories of the death of Madames son, which she can not handle. She left Russia for Paris, to forget the memories of her husbands and sons deaths in the first place. When the time comes to auction the cherry orchard, Madam Ranevsky does not want to understand the seriousness of the situation. She does not believe that she can lose the orchard because of the luxury she used to live in, allowing herself everything and now she can not and does not want to accept the fact that she has to change that. The heroine realizes that she has lead a wrong lifestyle, she sinned and overspent, however she does not do anything to change that. She believes that everything will resolve itself. In a similar way, Nora believes that her act of deception was done for the greater good, since she was motivated by her husbands illness and had to save him and so she does not try to avoid any more lies and falsifications. As a matter of fact, she keeps deceiving Torvald, on small things such as eating macaroons and tiptoeing to listen at his door, because she feels the need to conceal the truth from her husband to save their marriage and this is the main source of the plot movement. Torvald in return deceives Nora by making her believe he loves her, he even says Do you know Nora, often I wish some terrible danger would threaten you, so that I could offer my life and my blood, everything for your sake. In reality he prioritizes his reputation before her and just regards her as his property. He only fantasizes about how perfect their life is, which is another example of self-deception. Its clear that their entire relationship is built upon lies and deception. Nora encourages her children to lie to Torvald when she says Dont talk to anyone about the strange gentleman. You hear? Not even to Daddy. By doing that she sacrifices her childrens innocence. Like Torvald, Madam Ranevsky tends to build a fence around herself by ignoring her emotions to create a happy world for herself. When she comes back home, she is restless, she says I cant sit still! I cant do it! [Jumping up and walking about in great agitation.] This happiness is more than I can bear. Laugh at me! I am a fool! My darling old cupboard! [Caressing a table.] My dear little table! . This makes her character ridiculous and from her kissing the bookcases and her reaction over her acquaintances deaths, we understand that she cannot handle anything real. As mentioned before, France was a place of refuge for Madame Ranevsky when she needed to escape and now that one of the most difficult stages of her life is over she does not seem to appreciate Paris. Once she is back to Russia she tries to forget her life there because her lover cheated on her and she is broke. Although later on she escapes from Paris to Russia. When she receives two telegrams from there she immediately tears them up without reading, and says They are from Paris. Ive done with Paris. However when she comes back to Russia, we see that she still hasnt forgotten her past in Paris, her unfaithful lover and the death of her child. Later on in the play, when she talks to Gayef she suddenly exclaims Look! Theres mamma walking in the orchardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in a white frock. There she is! One of the things about Madame Ranevsky hallucinating shows how disconnected she is from reality. Also, the composition and bearing of the hallucination reveal the nature of her disconnect ion. She seeks refuge in her past, her innocent childhood, and for her, the orchard is a symbol of her past- the fact that she fantasizes her mother in the orchard shows how disconnected she is from reality, confirming what she seeks. In a Dolls House, hope for freedom and independence motivates Nora to keep on lying and deceiving since we always tend to crave whatever we cant get. However she isnt the only character who lies and goes behind the back of her loved ones. Dr. Rank who is a family friend hides his true feelings for Nora from both Torvald and his wife. The only reason Nora actually finds out about how he truly feels, is when she tries to seek his help and she manages to see beneath the surface to his heart. This is how she finds out that he is secretly in love with her. On the other hand Dr. Rank seems to be very considerate and the only reason he deceives both his friends is because he tries to be a faithful friend to Torvald. He is trying really hard to be loyal but at the same time he can not stay away from Nora. Also he manages to expose Noras emotional immaturity and unwillingness to violate social conventions. Thus we cant be sure of whether his deception is intentional or not. Torvald, although it seems like he was the one deceived by both his wife and his friend, can be considered the one most guilty of the crime. Throughout the whole play, we see how he has deceived Nora into believing that their marriage is perfect, whilst in reality it was just his fantasy. The most important thing for him was to be able to keep up a proper appearance of moderation and appropriateness because the society he was brought up in is very judgmental and prejudicial. Like Ibsen, Chekhov presents a character who is also very concerned with looks and appearances. Lopakhin, an ex-peasant who is now a wealthy neighbor talks to the maid-servant, Dunyasha. Although he revels in his own economic situation, at the same time, he chides Dunyasha, by saying You are too refined, Dunyasha, thats what it is. You dress yourself like a young lady, and look at your hair! You ought not to do it, you ought to remember your place. He says that she is still of a low social standing. He is chiding her and telling her not to act like a lady, reminding her she is only the maid. This scene causes tension since there is this dichotomy as he is not quite comfortable with the new changes since he himself came from a peasant background. He almost contradicts what he is saying, which is another apparent example of self-deception. In conclusion, we see that deception is an important theme since its the main cause for characters to lose sense of reality and its also a catalyst of the climax. In the end of A Dolls House, Nora finally becomes more aware of how blind she was and walks out on her family to seek freedom and independence. Torvald on the other hand even at the end of the play, is still devoted to a mirage, an image of something that was never really there. At the end of The Cherry Orchard, Madame Ranevsky loses all her possessions together with the orchard and goes back to Paris, leaving behind everything that she thought she believed in. From this we learn, that deception is often triggered by the acceptance or disapproval of other people in society, since we tend to care too much about what everybody else thinks and thus try to blend in.

Analytical Chemistry :: essays research papers

Analytical Chemistry   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Analytical Chemistry is the branch of chemistry principally concerned with determining the chemical composition of materials, which may be solids, liquids, gases, pure elements, compounds, or complex mixtures. In addition, chemical analysis can characterize materials but determining their molecular structures and measuring such physical properties as pH, color, and solubility. Wet analysis involves the studying of substances that have been submerged in a solution and microanalysis uses substances in very small amounts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qualitative chemical analysis is used to detect and identify one or more constituents of a sample. This process involves a wide variety of tests. Ideally, the tests should be simple, direct, and easily performed with available instruments and chemicals. Test results may be an instrument reading, and observation of a physical property, or a chemical reaction. Reactions used in qualitative analysis may attempt to cause a characteristic color, odor, precipitate, or gas appear. Identification of an unknown substance is accomplished when a known one is found with identical properties. If none is found, the uknown substance must be a newly identified chemical. Tests should not use up excessive amounts of a material to be identified. Most chemical methods of qualitative analysis require a very small amount of the sample. Advance instrumental techniques often use less than one millionth of a gram. An example of this is mass spectrometry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quantitative chemical analysis is used to determine the amounts of constituents. Most work in analytical chemistry is quantitative. It is also the most difficult. In principle the analysis is simple. One measures the amount of sample. In practice, however, the analysis is often complicated by interferences among sample constituents and chemical separations are necessary to isolate tthe analyte or remove interfering constituents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The choice of method depends on a number of factors: Speed, Cost, Accuracy, Convenience, Available equipment, Number of samples, Size of sample, Nature of sample, and Expected concentration. Because these factors are interrelated any final choice of analytical method involves compromises and it is impossible to specify a single best method to carry out a given analysis in all laboratories under all conditions. Since analyses are carried out under small amounts one must be careful when dealing with heterogeneous materials. Carefullly designed sampling techniques must be used to obtan representative samples.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Preparing solid samples for analysis usually involves grinding to reduce particle size and ensure homogeneity and drying. Solid samples are weighed using an accurate analytical balance. Liquid or gaseous samples are measureed by volume using accurately calibrated glassware or flowmeters. Many, but not all, analyses are carried out on solutions of the sample. Solid samples that are insoluble in water must be treated chemically to dissolve them without any